tinyformat: Add compile-time checking for literal format strings

Add compile-time checking for literal format strings passed to strprintf and tfm::format to make sure the right number of format arguments are passed.

There is still no compile-time checking if non-literal std::string or bilingual_str format strings are passed, but this is improved in other PRs:

• #31061 implements compile-time checking for translated strings
• #31072 increases compile-time checking by using literal strings as format strings, instead of std::string and bilingual_str
• #31149 may drop the std::string overload for strprintf to require compile-time checking