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build: Support x86_64 <-> arm64 cross-compiling for macOS

Placeholder Hennadii Stepanov requested to merge github/fork/hebasto/210720-xmac into master

Currently, on master (681b25e3), dependencies are built for the build system architecture, not the provided host.

On Intel-based macOS Big Sur 11.6.1 (20G224):

% make -C depends HOST=arm64-apple-darwin20
% lipo -info depends/arm64-apple-darwin20/lib/libsqlite3.a 
Non-fat file: depends/arm64-apple-darwin20/lib/libsqlite3.a is architecture: x86_64

On M1-based macOS Monterey 12.0.1 (21A559) the boost package building fails with multiple errors like that:

% make -C depends boost HOST=x86_64-apple-darwin19
...
error: option 'cf-protection=return' cannot be specified on this target
error: option 'cf-protection=branch' cannot be specified on this target
2 errors generated.

This PR allows to cross-compile as follows:

  • on Intel-based macOS Big Sur 11.6.1 (20G224):
% make -C depends HOST=arm64-apple-darwin20
% lipo -info depends/arm64-apple-darwin20/lib/libsqlite3.a 
Non-fat file: depends/arm64-apple-darwin20/lib/libsqlite3.a is architecture: arm64
% CONFIG_SITE=$PWD/depends/arm64-apple-darwin20/share/config.site ./configure
% make
% lipo -info src/qt/bitcoin-qt 
Non-fat file: src/qt/bitcoin-qt is architecture: arm64
  • on M1-based macOS Monterey 12.0.1 (21A559):
% make -C depends HOST=x86_64-apple-darwin19
% CONFIG_SITE=$PWD/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin19/share/config.site ./configure
% make
% lipo -info src/qt/bitcoin-qt
Non-fat file: src/qt/bitcoin-qt is architecture: x86_64

No behavior change for other builder-host pairs.

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